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渤海明珠天津城，今天迎来600岁生日。由人口稀疏的“直沽寨”，到如今成为上千万人口的繁华大都市，600年里发生了翻天覆地的变化。回首过去，历次的行政区域变迁，诉说着城市勃勃的生机。
Tianjin,a brilliant city near BoHai with a history of 600 years,has developed to aprosperous metropolis fromZhiGuZhai with sparse population.The changes of its district demonstrate the thriving vitality and significant development.
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| 清光绪二十八年（1902）以后的直隶总督衙门，地点在河北窑洼。 |
军事要塞 Militantford(Wei)
明永乐二年(1404)，始设天津卫。“卫”是明朝的一种军队建制，它与“所”一起形成明朝军队的基本建制。《明吏·兵志》载：“天下既定，度要害地，系一郡者设所，连郡者设卫。大率五千六百人为卫，千一百二十人为千户所，百十有二人为百户所。”卫、所都隶属于都司(相当于今省一级的军事领导机构)，各都司又分别归中央的五军都督府(左、右、中、前、后等军都督府)统辖。
In 1404,Tianjin was founded as Wei,which was a military organizational system in MingDynasty and constituted the foundational organizational system in the army together with Suo.According to history,a Wei comprises 5600 people,QianHuSuo comprises 1200 people,and BaiHuoSuo comprises 120.Wei and Suo were the subsidiaries of DuSi,a provincial military leading organization nowadays,which was governed by central military organization.
自永乐二年至永乐四年，天津共设三卫：天津卫、天津左卫、天津右卫。卫的指挥机构为卫指挥使司，官吏设置为：指挥使1人，正三品；指挥同知2人，从三品；指挥佥事4人，正四品；镇抚司镇抚2人，从五品。
From 1404 to 1406,Tianjin had established 3 Weis:Tianjin Wei,Tianjin left Wei and Tianjin right Wei.The commanding organization of Wei was Weizhihuishi.There were 4 levels in it.
卫所士兵的职责主要是保卫京师，屯田也是重要任务。天津三卫共立屯堡143个，分散在静海、兴济、南皮、青县、沧州等州县境内，分派军士耕种闲旷土地。
The major responsibility of the soldiers in Wei and Suo was guarding the capital and farming.Three Tunbaos were founded in those three Weis,which were located in Jinghai, Xingji, Nanpi, Qingxian, Cangzhou, where the soldiers were allocated to farm.
随着人口渐多，商业发展，事务渐繁，纠纷时常发生，以军事为主的卫所已不能治理军民混淆兼有商业化的城市。为了治理好天津这个日益发展的军事冲要，明廷在此陆续设官、设衙，建学，或将外地官、衙迁津。
With the increase of population and the development of commerce, various affairs and conflict occurred. And WeiSuo established for military purpose could no longer run such city as the combination of military ford and commerce. Inorder to administrate Tianjin, the government of Ming Dynasty established Official, Military, Education here and transferred officials in other areas to Tianjin.
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